The Concept of 1.1.1 Electric Porcelain
Electrical ceramics are abbreviated as electric ceramics. Generally speaking, electrical ceramics cover a variety of electrical ceramics, including insulating ceramics, semiconductor ceramics and so on. The electric porcelain mentioned in this plan only refers to a kind of ceramic insulators used in power industry system, which are made of bauxite, kaolin, feldspar and other natural minerals by high temperature firing, including various line insulators, insulators for power station electrical appliances, and other insulating components for live body isolation or support. Electric porcelain is an important basic component of the electric power industry. Electric porcelain manufacturing industry belongs to the equipment manufacturing industry supported by the state during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period and is the basic industry of the national economy.
Classification of 1.1.2 Electric Porcelain
It is usually classified according to the product shape, voltage level and application environment of electric ceramics. According to product shape, it can be divided into: disk suspension insulator, pin insulator, rod insulator, hollow insulator, etc. According to voltage level, it can be divided into low voltage (AC 1000V and below, DC 1500V and below) insulator and high voltage (AC 1000V or above, DC 1500V or above) insulator, among which there are ultra-high voltage (AC 330 and 500 kV, DC 500 kV) insulators in high voltage insulator. It can be divided into UHV (750 and 1000 kV AC, 800 kV DC) and UHV (Insulator for Line, Power Station or Electrical Appliances), indoor and outdoor insulators according to the operating environment, and so on.
Properties of 1.1.3 Electric Porcelain
Electric ceramics are the main supporting and insulating components used in power systems, sometimes as containers for other electrical components. Therefore, there are higher requirements for its mechanical properties, electrical properties, environmental resistance (heat and cold, pollution resistance, aging, etc.).
Application of 1.1.4 Electric Porcelain
Electric ceramics are mainly used in transmission lines, substations, electrical equipment of various voltage levels in power systems, and other special industries such as rail transit power systems, which connect conductors or components of different potential and play an insulating and supporting role. For example, disk suspension insulator and long rod insulator for high voltage line tension or suspension, rod support insulator for substation bus or equipment support, and hollow insulator for transformer bushing, switchgear, capacitor or transformer, etc.
